The Molecular Formula for Water

The molecular formula for water is H2O. One molecule of water consists of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. There are three isotopes of hydrogen. The usual chemical formula for water assumes the hydrogen atoms consist of the isotope protium (one proton, no neutrons). Heavy water is also possible, in which one or more of the atoms of hydrogen consist of deuterium (symbol D) or tritium (symbol T). Other forms of the chemical formula for water include  D2O, DHO, T2O, and THO. Its theoretically possible to form TDO, although such a molecule would be extremely rare. Although most people assume water is  H2O, only completely pure water lacks other elements and ions. Drinking water usually contains chlorine, silicates, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, sodium, and trace amounts of other ions and molecules. Also, water dissolves itself, forming its ions,  H and OH-. A sample of water contains the intact water molecule along with hydrogen cations and hydroxide anions.

I Had Never Spent Much Time Evaluating My Values System...

I had never spent much time evaluating my values system before taking on this assignment. I believed that I was wired to think the way I do, and that nothing in particular had to be the cause for my feelings on certain things. By writing this paper and learning about values, I was able to take a hard look at myself and figure out what my personal values stem from. My values relating to the key issues of women’s reproduction, poverty/money, health care in America, and minority groups have blossomed out of personal experiences and experiences I have heard about from those close to me. I also found several themes that underlie why I have the values that I do, and why I think about these topics in the way that I do. Women’s reproduction is the most important of the topics to me, because when it comes to women’s reproduction I look at the subject from two points of view. The first point of view I see is the main reason the topic is discussed, which is the sexual/repro ductive side. The other point I see is my own personal experience, which has nothing to do with reproduction but concerns health. My core values relative to this area are dignity and worth of a person and social justice. I chose these two because I think every woman should be able to access forms of birth control and abortion without being criticized. Not being able to do that, in my view, is discrimination. I think the woman who is choosing these actions is of enough worth to be able to make the right decision forShow MoreRelatedAcademic Reflection Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pages This quarter, through study of the assigned texts; I have learned about concepts such as ethos, pathos, and logos; further expanding my understanding of the process of writing and editing. From a functional standpoint, I have learned more about sentence structure and variance, punctuation, flow and the maintenance of a controlling idea and tentative thesis through the exercises completed this quarter. 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Important International Management Theories †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Important International Management Theories. Answer: Global management of people and organizations is a complex factor that calls for multilevel analysis of the underlying elements. International business suggests organizational strategies that organizations require in the management of operations in different countries. These have advantages and disadvantages. The international management theory explains how organizations cope with the management of people and business activities in the global environment (Zentess, et al., 2015). It explains the characteristics of the international market systems highlighting its opportunities and challenges. The report makes use of the globalization theory to explain the role of innovation, strategic human resource management and organizational tactics. In the business aspect, market entry strategies including forming joint ventures and franchising are used. In this discussion, the PEST analysis explains the macro-environment. Sustainability brings in the role of business ethics in the market system as a way of controlling the widespread use of natural resources. The essence of this mixed approach to managing globally is to highlight the international management practices their strengths ad weaknesses(David, 2011). Global organizations need a holistic approach that can address all operations. In an effort to provide answers to the existing solutions, an organization needs to address and manage change effectively. PEST Analysis The PEST analysis by Fred Aguilar defines the brands spheres of influence using the Political, Economic, Social, and Socio-Cultural and Technology factors(Frue, 2017). In order to compare with its strengths and weaknesses, an organization needs to consider: These are the national elements defining a region or a country. It includes the government bodies, policies and bureaucracies. It covers the legislation required to start and run a business. It may also encompass environmental policies and privacy protection for customer. Political ideologies in a region may foster or hinder a business. Corporate policies, economic status and taxation rates are some of the underlying elements to consider. Multinational corporations seeking to employ workers need to look at the availability of the skills, rate of unemployment and infrastructure. Culture is one of the barrier to new market entries. An organization needs to weight the societys beliefs, language effect, and lifestyle in order to understand the consumer. Failure to do this may lead to rejection or resistance from the locals. Localization helps organizations to emerge successful (Cullen Parboteeah, 2013). Technological innovation form a significant part of global business that brands cannot ignore. It covers communication devices, the internet, software applications and management devices(Dunning, 2013). Managing people It is impossible to run an organization without people. The people factor involves employees and consumers. These influence the effectiveness of an organization. Intertwined in this is culture and the management of technology. These are the two most dominant factors affecting global management today. Culture in the workplace and consumer culture have similar influencing factors. The global economy requires intercultural competencies (Moran, et al., 2014) These are skills required for the success of an organization. Contemporary human resource practices encourage employees to develop these skills as a survival tactic in the highly competitive markets. Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory provides a framework for this phenomenon based on values and behavioral factors(Chhokkar, et al., 2013). Effective communication in a new environment requires proficiency in the local language and an understanding of their values and practices. It facilitates for successful negotiations, management of people and marketing to consumers. Business etiquette in the emerging markets is very important. Intercultural competence prepares leaders and professionals for the new markets. An effective organization needs diversity in the team. However, the management of the diversity is critical for its success . Employees feel comfortable working in their home environment. In cases where they have to provide their services abroad, the organization needs to put in place strategic management practices for the move. Human Resource practices continues to evolve in order to meet the global changes. SHRM encourages the development of a conducive work environment for workers(SHRM, 2015). Multinational organizations hire competent professionals in order to maintain the value offered by the organization. The process of tapping into these skills involves the use of cross border recruitment agencies. Employees traveling for work in a foreign country need special care. If they have families, proper mechanisms should in place for their wellness. Rewards systems should feature travel allowances, security details, and competent health care. Organizational structures in the global markets sometimes changes. In the event of mergers or acquisitions, the employee needs psychological support(Sinkovics, et al., 2011). The monetary and non-monetary allowances serve as motivational factors that convince employees to move out of their comfort zone. This is part of talent management, which deals with staffing, staff retention, performance and compensation in a multinational corporation(Scullion Collings, 2011) . Sometimes training is necessary to equip the employee with the new changes. A good working environment requires interpersonal skills, which come from the social and work environment. The Human resource department needs to offer psychological support factors, which bridge the gap to prevent loneliness(Lengnick-Hall, et al., 2011). Technology Effect The global environment comprises of different organizations. Technology and innovation provides a platform for organizations to excel. Employees need training on how to use the internet, software applications and digital technology equipment(Scullion Collings, 2011). Coping across border successfully requires training in advanced technology because global organizations use technology for most basic operations such as office applications, presentation skills, social media, coding, use of mobile digital devices and troubleshooting (Angeles, 2015). A clear understanding of communication tools and devices is a plus. Organizations also provide training for workers in order to upgrade their professional skills. Professionals who work in global organizations find it hard to leave because of the training opportunities and exposure to the best organizations. The world of innovation is full of ideas helping the individual to improve on personal and professionalism. Global enterprises use knowledge management approaches to handle and disperse information(Liebowitz Frank, 2016). Cloud computing is an important application for information sharing. The widespread use of e learning in organizations saves on costs. Videoconferencing is also popular in training, interviews and organizational updates. Technology has pros and cons. Since technology is a necessity, coping with its ills such as cyberbullying is also important. Mitigating its risks is one way to deal with the effects. Managing Organizations Organizations which plan to penetrate a new market need a market entry plan because of the uncertainty in the global market(Zott, et al., 2011). The strategy directs the organization on the best method for introducing the brand to the new consumer. Carrying out a market research helps the organization to identify the existing gaps in the new market. Currently, the emerging markets of China, India and Saudi Arabia have become hot spots for investments. However, some organizations may succeed in these environments while others fail because of the strategy. Issues of concern include sourcing for products, investing through joint ventures and marketing the brand. Market entry plans for product include a marketing plan. An example is the 4P plan for the products and 7 Ps for the services. In this strategy, the brand makes a mapping of the most appropriate pricing, product, place and the ideal promotion. Service brands like McDonalds venture into a new region with consideration for the phy sical environment, people, and processes(MarketingMix, 2017). A marketing mix is popular because it blends the important factors in order to generate the best map for a business plan with the right targets. It looks at the needs of a customer in the new environment, for proper pricing and delivery mode. Market entry plan with a comprehensive outlook of the new environment has a risk management plan. The BCG matrix tries to understand the market share of the existing brands against a new entrant. It provides brand portfolio and profitability for competitors in order to understand how to generate higher profits. This analysis is also good because it projects the market growth rates. This is an ideal technique for market penetration and diversification strategies(Jurevicius, 2013). The BCG matrix works together with other approaches like the McKinsey Matrix, which is ideal for businesses that have diversified products and services(Shen, et al., 2015). It provides a comparison of different units for checking the attractiveness of the industry and the brands strength to compete in it. These tools improve profitability while revealing the risks involved in the uncertain market. Understanding the customer in the new market calls for numerous tactics. Benchmarking recognizes the trends in t he landscape for the development of strategic processes(Bilbao-Osorio, et al., 2013). The Vrio framework of resource capability provides an investor with information on how to invest the valuable, rare, costly to imitate and the organized to capture value in order to gain a competitive edge(Andersen, 2011). This makes it possible for a company to tap into the natural resources for the present and future success. Unknown organizations need partners from the region in order to succeed. Local consumers have trust in ideas that are familiar to them. Some regions like the EU remain loyal to traditional products. Another reason for starting with the joint kind of partnership is for resource exploitation(Cao Zhang, 2011). A manufacturing organization that discovers raw materials in a developing nation needs a collaboration for mutual benefits. Large brands form partnerships with smaller ones in order to provide financial support. On the other hand, a smaller company may enjoin itself to a reputable brand in order to gain popularity. Associating with a local organization smoothens the set up process and prevents legal violations. This strategy also creates a competitive edge as seen in the case of technology world(Wall, 2015). When making determinations about a joint venture, a horizontal integration serves as a source of strength for the business. This allows organizations in different productions but the same industry to collaborate for a common goal. For instance, Microsoft merger with Xerox, a photocopier company for regional penetration(Markoff, 1999). On the other hand, a vertical integration happens when a company decides on full control of the industry through its value chain. This is common in the technology industry where smartphone producers like Apple own their distinct innovation. This is a common trend in the lucrative industries like oil production where there channels of distributions have secure and dominant market share owners(Gnawali Park, 2011) Multinational companies penetrate the new markets to duplicate their products and services in a new country. In this case the brand adopts common merchandise, marketing, training and operational tactics in the home country. Having a distribution joint in a foreign land also has its advantages and disadvantages(Entrepreneur, 2017). Entrepreneurs who wish to enter into franchising need to tread carefully in order to avoid financial complications. Popular global franchised brands include Shell petroleum, McDonalds and Subway. In this case, companies agree to carry the brand name and trademarks at a fee and within specified contract period. However, national countries have rules for franchising in their territories(franchise.org, 2011) Dealing with Competition One of the characteristics of the global market system is its competitiveness. New entrants and market giants interact. Dealing with this competition needs strategy because many large organizations have fallen in the face of the free market system. The Porters five forces theory describes ways in which to survive in the competitive world(Prizeman, 2011). Presenting a business strategy, the theory suggests an analysis of the profitability using core competencies. A unique business approach needs to consider the rivalry in the industry, the threat from new entrants, threats from substitutes and the bargaining power of suppliers. This careful approach allows a small business owner to consider whether it is wise to enter into the European markets and what trends rule the region(Bond, 2017). Sustainability is another important aspect of cross border business. It covers more than the environment perspective(Kruschwitz, et al., 2011). Most countries support brands that seek environment friendly investment. Organizations also require unique ideas that competitors cannot duplicate easily. This calls for constant innovation and research to delve into the brand reputation, revenue flows and customer satisfaction. The creation of a variety needs an analysis of complementary products and the integration. It also measures efficiency and value chains(Gereffi, et al., 2016). E-commerce provides a platform for business based value chains(Laudon, 2013). This is a best practice that presents economic and social benefits. As a social practice, it guides investment organizations on how to give back to the community. The value of a brand manifests through its ethical and economic performance measures. As the world continues to become a busy and competitive hub, it affects natural resourc es because producers depend on nature for energy, minerals and existence. Effects of the carbon emissions being released into the environment is already visible. As a result, organizations have taken it upon themselves to monitor environmental issues for protection. However, the challenge lies in the individual role of the companies in providing accountable information of their activities(Chu Majumdar, 2012). Conclusion Managing across borders involves international relations. The global environment is highly competitive and dynamic. Understanding it calls for strategic plans made of theoretical ideas. These are proven ideas that large and small organizations consider in order to penetrate and gain a competitive edge. Based on the high competition, and dynamic market system change is inevitable. Although there are numerous opportunities in the global market challenges also exists. These arise due to the political, economic, sociocultural and technological factors from the external market. The PEST analysis helps an organization to weigh its strengths and weaknesses in preparation for the global market. To survive in the market economies, organizations must understand the people and organizational factors. The report breaks down the complexities of the international environment using international management principles that facilitate for the success of the organization. Small companies have a chance to compete globally because of technology, which exposes them to consumers from across the globe. E-commerce is one of the innovative means through which an organization can participate in the system. Ideas for market entry include the joint venture approach, which joins large companies with the smaller ones. Market dominance also characterizes the global market therefore; brands need a way to overcome the competition through effective management. SHRM provides a guide on how brands can make employees part of the winning team. Branding techniques provide solutions for managing the consumer trends. Among these is the 4P and 7P, which guides on how to price and promote products. The mention of sustainability is a blend of economic and social benefits that organization gain by providing value in their undertakings. Technology in contemporary operations is necessary and its fruits can only manifest if its tools and devices have proper management. Therefore, an integration of different theories gives solutions on some of the challenges to expect in the process of interacting globally. These are simple ideas for the present and future organizations. Frequent research into the topic of i nternational management promises solutions to address solutions as they arise. Bibliography Andersen, J., 2011. Strategic resources and firm perfomance. Management Decision, 49(1), pp. 87-98. Angeles, S., 2015. Five technology skills skills everyone needs to have. news.co.au. Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S. Lanvin, B., 2013. The global infromation technology report, s.l.: World Economic Forum. Bond, D., 2017. Luxury magazines finally face digital headwinds. Financial Times, 4 April. Cao, M. Zhang, Q., 2011. Supply chain collaboration: Impact on collaboration advantage and firm perfomance. Journal of operations management, 29(3), pp. 163-180. Chhokkar, J. S., Brodceck House, R. J., 2013. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of indepth studies of 25 societies. s.l.:Routedge. Chu, S. Majumdar, A., 2012. Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature, 488(7411), p. 294. Cullen, J. Parboteeah, K., 2013. Multinational Management. s.l.:Cengage. David, F., 2011. Strategic management: Concepts and case. s.l.:Pearson, Hall. Dunning, J. H., 2013. Multinaionals Technology Competitiveness. s.l.:Routledge. Entrepreneur, 2017. Franchising. The Entrepreneur. franchise.org, 2011. International franchising laws. Franchising. Frue, K., 2017. Who invented PEST analysis and why it matters. [Online] Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/who-invented-pest-analysis/ Gereffi, G., Fernandez-S K, 2016. Global value chain analysis: a primer. 2nd ed. s.l.:s.n. Gnawali, D. Park, B. J., 2011. Cooperation between giants: Collaboration with competitors for technological innovation. Research Policy, 40(5), pp. 650-663. Jurevicius, O., 2013. BCG growth-share matrix. [Online] Available at: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/bcg-matrix-growth-share.html [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Kruschwitz, N. et al., 2011. Sustanability and Competitive Advantage. MITSloan Management Review, 51(1). Laudon, K. C. T. C. G., 2013. E-Commerce. Fourth ed. s.l.:Pearson. Lengnick-Hall, C., Beck, T. Lengnickk-Hall, M., 2011. developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), pp. 243-255. Liebowitz, J. Frank, M., 2016. Knowledge mangement and e-learning. s.l.:CRC press. MarketingMix, 2017. The Marketing Mix. [Online] Available at: https://marketingmix.co.uk/ [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Markoff, J., 1999. Xerox-Microsoft deal links variety of technologies. New York Times. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. Moran, S., 2014. Managing cultural differences. 9th ed. s.l.:Routledge. Prizeman, T., 2011. Apply five basic forces to the four big audit firms. Financial Times. Scullion, H. Collings, D., 2011. Global talent management. s.l.:Routledge. Scullion, H. Collings, D., 2011. Global talent management. s.l.:Routledge. Shen, L., Zhou, J., Skitmore, M. Xia, B., 2015. Application of a hybrid Enthropyy-Mckinsey Matric method in evaluationg sustainable urbanization: A China case study. Cities, Volume 42, pp. 186-194. SHRM, 2015. Understanding workplace cultures globally. [Online] Available at: https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/toolkits/pages/understandingworkplaceculturesglobally.aspx [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Sinkovics, R. R., Stefan, Z. Verena, K., 2011. Between merger and syndrome: The intermediary role of emotions in four cross border M As. International Business Review, 20(1). Wall, M., 2015. Shopping tech firm Powa in major Chinese Joint Venture. BBC, 16 December. Zentess, J., Klein, S. H. Morschett, D., 2015. Important International Management Theories. Strategic International Management, pp. 123-143. Zott, C., Amit, R. Massa, L., 2011. The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management , 37(4), pp. 1019-1042.

The Role And Function Of The Mosque In The Muslim Community Essay Example

The Role And Function Of The Mosque In The Muslim Community Essay The role of the Mosque in general is to help with family life. All Mosques now run Madrasahs (Mosque schools) for boys and girls. Theyre held on weeknights and Sundays and teach children about Islam, how to read the Quran in Arabic and how Muslims should behave. Children are also taught Urdu and English. There are now many Muslim schools to provide separate educations for males and females. They teach children the National Curriculum in an Islamic style.Central MosqueIn Britain, there are many purpose built Mosques. One of the most important ones is the in London. I will be talking about this Mosque and how it helps with the community. Its one of the largest Mosques in the world. For this reason, some facilities that are provided by this Mosque are quite unique.My Local MosqueIn my local Mosque, they have a radio transmitter, so that the local Muslims can hear whats going on in the Mosque, they can also hear the Adhan being made.Islamic Law CourtThe Mosque is also a place, which is a lso used as an Islamic Law Court for matters which concern Islamic Law. Muslims can gather here and discuss the problems that they face in their daily life.Marriage ceremony (Nikah) and divorce (Talaq)Marriage ceremony (Nikah) and divorce (Talaq) is also often performed in the Central Mosque Of London.Centre for foreign visitorsThe Mosque is also a centre for foreign visitors, travellers far and wide within the U.K. It serves as a treasury for collect ion and distribution of Zakah.The Mosque is also ensuring that the Islamic Laws of heritage can be implemented within the British system. This enables the Muslims in the U.K. to retain their Islamic identity, to remain loyal to their faith and to the Islamic Shariah.Community GatheringsOn Friday, we see the local community filling up the Mosques; this is because they have come to pray Jumuah.Community gatherings are usually held at Mosques, particularly at the time of Eid. Twice a year, when there is a big celebration after the prayers . Such meetings are essential in Britain, where in many places Muslims are still in the minority. These community gatherings give a chance to the Muslim Community to familiarise themselves with one another and bonds the tie of friendship on happy and sad occasions such as Birth, Marriage and Death.MortuaryQuite a few Mosques have facilities for washing and shrouding the dead bodies and to keep the corpses there until the burial is arranged and the Janazah prayer is said. This is also known as a mortuary, for laying out the dead and preparing corpse for burial.How The Mosque Helps With The CommunityThe Mosque is also open for the community to come and see the Imam about personal issues. He will always be there to tackle and problems.The Mosque also tries to bring love, peace and tranquillity into the community. It also tries to give the Muslims a sense of brotherhood and teaches the community that they are all one.Help in the case that a marriage breakdown comes from the two families , the Imam and Muslim Lawyers. The Zakah fund helps families with financial difficulties and many Mosques have a family committee to help Muslim Families that are in trouble.USESThe Prophet did not separate religious life from his normal daily activities. In the open courtyard he entertained visitors, conducted business, and guided the day-to-day affairs of the community. It was the place where believers gathered for communal prayer and to hear his sermons, and it was also used for giving shelter to the poor, homeless and wayfarers, and for caring for the sick.It is important to realize that mosques today, no matter how grand the buildings, are still used to fulfil all these other functions.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½as schools for learning Arabic and studying the Qur an

Biblical Word Study

Biblical Word Study Abstract This paper develops a study of selected words from the bible. Under the counseling category, the paper examines the meaning, usage and derivatives of the words counsel, wisdom and help. Under the addiction category, the study examines the meaning, derivatives and usage of the words wine, desire and restraint.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Biblical Word Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study seeks to examine the usage of the words in the old and new testaments, which are arranged in different paragraphs for every word. Biblical words related to counseling This section examines the biblical usage of the words counsel, help and wisdom. The Blue Letter Bible, a resource site that provides links to other bible versions, is used as the primary study material. Through this site, the study examines the usage of these words in the New American Standard Bible, King James Version and the New King James Version Bibles. Counsel In the bible, the word counsel is the Aramaic translation of ‘dethabar’ in the Old Testament and the Greek word ‘bouleutes’ in the New Testament. In addition, it is the translation of the Hebrew word ‘etsah’ or ‘atsa’. Usage in the Old Testament The word counsel has a number of meanings applied to it in various cases. In other cases, the word is used to mean purpose, devise, and plan or to counsel. The first appearance is in Exodus 18:19, where Jethro was advising Moses to be the people’s representative before God, taking their disputes to Him. Usage in the New Testament There are only two instances of the word counsel in the New Testament. In Zechariah 6:13, the word is used to mean perfect harmony or peace. In Ephesians 1:11, the word counsel is used to mean ‘guidance of the Lord’s plan† (New King James Version Bible, [NKJV], 2011) Wisdom The word wisdom is used to mean kno wledge, understanding or excellent ability to apply knowledge or understanding.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Usage in the Old Testament In the Old Testament, the word is mostly used in Job, proverbs and psalms. For instance, it is used to mean human knowledge or understanding of an idea. In Exodus 35:31, it is used to mean excellent human understanding or experience with a subject. This is also similar in a number of other instances where it is used (American Standard Edition [ ASV], 1901). In job 32:13, the speaker says â€Å"we have found wisdom† while in Job 33:33, the speaker says â€Å"keep silent so that I can teach you wisdom† (King James Version [ KJV], 2000). These cases show that the word also means knowledge obtainable through learning and teaching (Tan, 2011). Usage in the New Testament The word also appears several times in t he New Testament. Like the Old Testament, the word is used to have similar meanings in the New Testament. It is used to mean knowledge, excellent experience with a subject or the right ideas that reside in humans. For instance, in Mathew 13:54, it is used describe the extraordinary knowledge expressed by Jesus as â€Å"where did this man get this wisdom and powers from?† (New American Standard Bible [NASB], 1995) Help This word appears 147 times in the NASB and is used several times in both testaments. In most cases, it is used to mean any form of aid that a person or group of persons can obtain from another person, group or God. In most cases, it is used to show God’s aid, favor, leadership or even mentorship to his people. Usage in the Old Testament In the Old Testament, the word â€Å"help† appears several types and is used to mean the role of God in sustaining his people, protecting them from bad events and enemies and guiding them through difficult times. I t first appears in Genesis 4:1 where Eve says, â€Å"I have received a child with God’s help† Usage in the New Testament In the Old Testament, the word is widely used in reference to any type of aid that a person can get from another or from God. It includes material and immaterial aid. For instance, in Luke 4:38, the word is used to mean immaterial aid given to Simon’s mother-in-law, who was suffering.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Biblical Word Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Biblical words related to addiction This section attempts to examine the biblical usage of the words ‘wine’, ‘desire’ and ‘restraint’. The Blue Letter Bible, a resource site that provides links to other bible versions, is used as the primary study material. Wine Wine was a type of alcoholic drink tradition in the Jewish society. In most cases, it is used together with other types of food. However, it was a highly controlled drink because of its alcohol content. In the Old Testament, wine was a common type of drink among the Israelites as well as their neighbors. For instance, in Genesis 14:18, the bible says that Melchizedek, the king of Salem brought bread and wine (NASB, 1995). It shows that wine was a major offering to the Lord. In addition, drinking wine was a form of entertainment and cerebrations (Froma, 2010). Some cases show that drinking excessive wine was considered unholy (Froma, 2010). For instance, in Judges 13:4, the people are advised, â€Å"do not drink wine or strong drink† (KJV, 2000) Usage in the New Testament In the New Testament, it appears that wine was a highly valued product. It was preserved in special wineskins. In Mathew 9:17, the bible says, â€Å"they put new wine in new wineskins and both materials are preserved† (Froma, 2010). For example, in the book of John, Jesus made wine from water and allow people to drink. Nevertheless, it is also considered as a way of destroying the righteousness.† (NKJV, 2011). In other cases, wine is used as a part of treatment given to injuries. For instance, in Luke 7:33, the bible shows how wine and oil were used to treat wounds. Desire The term desire is used to express a number of meanings in the bible. For instance, it is used to show the willingness to obtain something or physical and emotional drive to take an action of fulfills some need.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Usage in the Old Testament The word â€Å"desire† is used several times in the Old Testament to express several meanings. A number of instances show that the word means the emotional drive to satisfy some need. The first instance is seen in Genesis 3:16 where women are advised to have a desire for their husbands. Similarly, in Genesis 39:7, Pharaoh’s wife developed a great desire for Joseph and ordered him to have sex with her. In other instances, it is used to show the non-emotional drives to achieve something. For instance, in Deuteronomy 5:21, people are required not to desire other people’s property. Usage in the New Testament The word desire is used to show emotional need to take an action or non-emotional willingness to achieve something. In some cases, ‘desire’ is condemned. For instance, in Colossians 3:5, the bible condemns â€Å"impurity, evil desire, passion and greed because they amounts to idolatry† (NASB, 1995) Restraint This wo rd appears only 4 times in the bible. It is used in both the new and old testament to express different meanings. In the Old Testament It is used in chronicles 28:19, God humbled Ahaz, the King of Israel for his unfaithfulness to the Lord and lack of restraint in Judah. Here, it is used to signify the ability to maintain harmony. This is also seen in Isaih 23:10 Usage in the New Testament It is used to show humbleness and ability to sustain harmony. For instance, in Timothy 2:15, women are advised to â€Å"continue in love and faith and restraint† Core biblical themes Counseling is seen as an important aspect of the Jewish community. God, elders, judges, prophets and priests, provided counseling. In addition, there were two types of help- material and immaterial help. Wine was an expensive but addictive product due to alcoholic content. The bible shows the negative impact of excessive drinking of wine. On the other hand, desire is both an emotional and physical passion to ach ieve something. Emotional desire is condemned in some instances for its ability to lead into sin. Summary Counseling was a part of the society. Every community had specialists who provided counseling while God provided help. Addiction was common and mostly seen in wine drinking and the desire for sexual contact. References American Standard Edition (1901). New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons. Froma, W. (2010). Biblical Facts about Wine: Is It a Sin to Drink Wine? New York: Author House. King James Version. (2000). Edinburg: Thomas Nelson Inc. New King James Version Bible. (2011). Edinburg: Thomas Nelson Inc. Tan, S. (2011). Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Christian Perspective By Siang-Yang Tan. London: Baker Academic. New American Standard Bible (1995). New York: The Lockman Foundation.

Much Ado About Nothing Character Profiles

'Much Ado About Nothing' Character Profiles Much Ado About Nothing characters are some of Shakespeares best-loved comedy creations. Whether it is Beatrice and Benedicks bickering or Dogberrys slapstick antics, the  Much Ado About Nothing characters are what makes this play so quotable and memorable. Lets delve in and profile the individual characters. The Lovers Benedick: Young, funny and locked into a love-hate relationship with Beatrice. He has been away fighting under Don Pedro, and upon his return to Messina, he vows never to marry. This slowly changes throughout the play - by the time he agrees to kill Claudio at the request of Beatrice, we know that he is committed to her. His sharpest weapon is his wit, but he meets his match with Beatrice. Beatrice: In many ways, she is very similar to her lover, Benedick; she is locked into the same love-hate relationship, is quick-witted and never wants to marry. The events of the play soon reveal the vulnerable side beneath her â€Å"hardened† exterior. Once she is tricked into thinking that Benedick is in love with her, she soon reveals her sweet, sensitive side. However, it is hinted throughout the play that Beatrice was once in love with Benedick, but their relationship went sour: â€Å"I know you of old,† she scorns. Claudio: One of Don Pedro’s men and a young lord of Florence. Although commended for his bravery in battle, Claudio is presented as young and naive. He is a difficult character to sympathize with because he is led purely by his courtly sense of honor. Throughout the play, he swings from love to despair to revenge too easily. In the first scene, he falls hopelessly in love with Hero (without even speaking to her!) and quickly takes revenge when he thinks he has been wronged by her. It is this character trait that enables the play’s central plot. Hero: As the beautiful daughter of Leonato, she soon attracts the attention of Claudio, who instantly falls in love with her. She is the innocent victim in the play when she is slandered by Don John as part of his plan to crush Claudio. Her sweet, gentle nature highlights her piety and contrasts nicely with Beatrice. The Brothers Don Pedro: As the Prince of Aragon, Don Pedro is the most powerful character in the play, and he is happy to use his power to manipulate events - but only for the good of his soldiers and friends. Don Pedro takes it upon himself to get Benedick and Beatrice together and set up the marriage between Claudio and Hero. Although he is a force for good in the play, he is too quick to believe his villainous brother about Hero’s infidelity and is too quick to help Claudio to seek revenge. Interestingly, Don Pedro makes half-advances on both Hero and Beatrice in the play - perhaps this explains his sadness in the final scene when he is the only nobleman without a wife. Don John: Referred to as â€Å"the bastard,† Don John is the illegitimate half-brother of Don Pedro. He is the villain of the play and needs little motivation to ruin the marriage of Claudio and Hero - in his own words, â€Å"I cannot be said to be a flattering honest man, it must not be denied but I am a plain-dealing villain.† Before the play begins, Don John had been leading a rebellion against his brother - which is the battle Don Pedro and his men return triumphant from in the opening scene of the play. Although he claims to be â€Å"reconciled† to his brother, he secretly wants revenge for his defeat. Leonato: He is the governor of Messina, father to Hero, uncle to Beatrice and host to Don Pedro and his men. His long friendship with Don Pedro doesn’t stop him from lambasting him when he sides with Claudio over his claims on Hero’s infidelity - he is probably the only character in the play with enough authority to give Don Pedro a piece of his mind. The honor of his family is very important to him, and he suffers greatly when Don John’s plan destroys this. Antonio: Leonato’s brother and father figure to Beatrice. Although elderly, he is loyal to his brother no matter what the cost. Minor Characters Margaret and Ursula: Attendants on Hero.Balthasar: An attendant on Don Pedro.Borachio and Conrad: Don John’s henchmen.Friar Francis: Devises the plan to redeem Hero’s reputation.Dogberry: a bumbling constable.Verges: Dogberry’s second in command.The Watch: They overhear Borachio and Conrad and discover Don John’s plot.The Sexton: Leads the trial against Borachio and Conrad.

Space and Place Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Space and Place - Assignment Example ding to Finnegan, "New Yorkers use Central Park: for sports, from croquet to horseback riding to league softball; and for cultural events such as Shakespeare in the Park and other outdoor performances. It is also used for other sporting activities such as skating, cycling, and football" (302). Other than these activities, this park is a great location for a stroll as one enjoys the natural manmade habitat and watching the many types of birds available in the park. In addition, people visit this park regularly to view the numerous cascades, statues, and other figurines. There are a lot of people who use this park often. Primarily, this park is used by individuals living around New York City for recreational purposes. There are also secondary users of this park. These include musicians, local performers or actors, sportsmen or athletes, and also domestic visitors and tourists. To understand the environment in this park, it is important to describe its permanent features. As elucidated by Finnegan, Central Parks landscape covers a total of eight hundred and forty acres (304). Subsequently, this scenery is designed in such a way that presents an exceptional feeling for visitors. There are also conforming and contrasting topography, as well as characteristic impressions created by the stylish viaducts and other suspension bridges. Other permanent features in the park include lakes, ponds, commemorative inscription tablets, zoos, playing fields, and turf (Finnegan 304). There are also movable objects within Central Park. These include man-made structures such as the Obelisk, Cleopatras needle, statues, and other sculptures. There is a relationship between the permanent features and the movable objects in this park. The movable objects are used to revamp or titivate the natural environment. The natural environment comprises the permanent features. Movable objects also makes accessibility to the permanent features such as lakes easier. To propose how else the objects